From Compliance to Commitment: ESG Practice Institutionalisation in Tourism SMEs and the Role of NTOs— Evidence from Portugal's Empresas Turismo 360°

1. Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Research Questions and Objectives 1.3 Scope and Limitations 1.4 Structure of the Study 2. Literature Review 2.1 ESG Practices in Tourism 2.2 Institutional Theory and Tourism 2.3 Role of National Tourism Organizations 2.4 SMEs and Environmental Responsibility 3. Methodology 3.1 Research Design 3.2 Data Collection Methods 3.3 Data Analysis Techniques 3.4 Ethical Considerations 4. Institutionalisation of ESG Practices 4.1 Conceptual Framework 4.2 Process of Institutionalisation 4.3 Barriers to Institutional Changes 4.4 Success Factors in SMEs 5. Role of National Tourism Organizations (NTOs) 5.1 Support and Guidance Mechanisms 5.2 Policy Influence and Development 5.3 Collaboration with SMEs 5.4 Case Study: Portugal’s NTOs 6. Commitment Beyond Compliance 6.1 Transition from Compliance to Commitment 6.2 Long-term Benefits for SMEs 6.3 Case Studies of Committed SMEs 6.4 Challenges in Sustaining Practices 7. Empirical Evidence from Turismo 360° 7.1 Overview of Empresas Turismo 360° 7.2 Key Findings and Insights 7.3 Interpretation of Results 7.4 Implications for Policy and Practice 8. Conclusion and Recommendations 8.1 Summary of Key Findings 8.2 Recommendations for Stakeholders 8.3 Future Research Directions 8.4 Final Thoughts