Evaluating Herbal Compounds' Efficacy and Safety in Modulating Insulin Pathways for Diabetes Management

1. Introduction 1.1 Background of Diabetes Management 1.2 Importance of Herbal Compounds 1.3 Objectives of the Study 2. Insulin Pathways in Diabetes 2.1 Overview of Insulin Function 2.2 Insulin Signaling Pathways 2.3 Pathophysiology in Diabetes 3. Herbal Compounds in Medicine 3.1 Historical Use of Herbal Medicine 3.2 Commonly Studied Herbal Compounds 3.3 Extraction and Preparation Methods 4. Efficacy of Herbal Compounds 4.1 Research Methodologies 4.2 In Vitro Studies 4.3 In Vivo Animal Studies 4.4 Clinical Trials in Humans 5. Safety Concerns and Toxicology 5.1 Toxicological Assessments 5.2 Herb-Drug Interactions 5.3 Dosage and Administration 6. Mechanisms of Action 6.1 Modulation of Insulin Secretion 6.2 Enhancement of Insulin Sensitivity 6.3 Influence on Glucose Metabolism 7. Case Studies and Applications 7.1 Successful Case Reports 7.2 Comparative Studies with Pharmaceuticals 7.3 Integration into Treatment Protocols 8. Future Directions and Research Gaps 8.1 Emerging Herbal Therapies 8.2 Unexplored Pathways and Compounds 8.3 Recommendations for Future Research