1. Introduction 2. Background Information 2.1. Overview of Caffeine in Environment 2.2. Conventional Removal Methods 2.3. Introduction to Advanced Oxidation Processes 3. Chemical Properties of Caffeine 3.1. Caffeine Structure and Characteristics 3.2. Environmental Impact of Caffeine 3.3. Human and Ecological Risks 4. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) 4.1. Definition and Mechanisms 4.2. Types of AOPs 4.3. Advantages Over Conventional Methods 5. Application of AOPs in Caffeine Removal 5.1. Photocatalysis Method 5.2. Ozonation Process 5.3. Fenton and Photo-Fenton Reaction 6. Case Studies and Experimental Results 6.1. Laboratory Scale Experiments 6.2. Pilot Scale Implementations 6.3. Comparative Analysis 7. Challenges and Limitations 7.1. Economic and Energy Concerns 7.2. Formation of By-products 7.3. Scale-up Challenges 8. Future Perspectives and Recommendations 8.1. Innovations in AOPs 8.2. Policy and Regulation Suggestions 8.3. Future Research Directions
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