analysis of transformer thermal stress and protection miscoordination challenges under penetration of solar pv in pakistan’s distribution network

1. Introduction 1.1 Background and Motivation 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Scope and Limitations 1.4 Structure of the Paper 2. Literature Review 2.1 Transformer Thermal Stress 2.2 Protection Coordination 2.3 Impact of Solar PV Systems 2.4 Distribution Networks in Pakistan 3. Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Simulation Models 3.3 Analytical Techniques 4. Transformer Thermal Stress Analysis 4.1 Definition and Significance 4.2 Factors Influencing Thermal Stress 4.3 Measurement and Modeling Techniques 5. Protection Miscoordination Issues 5.1 Overview of Protection Systems 5.2 Causes of Miscoordination 5.3 Impact on Distribution Networks 6. Solar PV Impact on Networks 6.1 Solar PV Penetration in Pakistan 6.2 Effects on Grid Stability 6.3 Influence on Transformer Stress 7. Case Study: Pakistan's Distribution Network 7.1 Network Overview 7.2 Analysis Methodology 7.3 Results and Discussion 8. Strategies for Mitigation 8.1 Improved Protection Coordination 8.2 Advanced Monitoring Techniques 8.3 Policy and Regulatory Recommendations